OSMANGAZİ 1. (1299 – 1326) Osmanlı padişahları sırası ile kimlerdir? Ölümü gizlenen ilk padişah kimdir? Kaçtane padişah var? 19 Kardeşin...
OSMANGAZİ
1. (1299 – 1326)

Osmanlı padişahları sırası ile kimlerdir? Ölümü gizlenen ilk padişah kimdir?
Kaçtane padişah var? 19 Kardeşini öldüren padişah kimdir? Tahta en uzun kalan padişah kimdir?
An ordered list of the Ottoman Sultans, who became one of the largest empires in world history and ruled over 3 continents.
Osman Gazi, Osmanlı Beyliğini kurmuştur. Babası Ertuğrul Gazi, annesi Halime Hanımdır. Hayatı boyunca birçok şehir fethetmiş ve savaşlar kazanmıştır. Kurduğu beylik 600 yıllık hüküm sürecek bir imparatorluğa erişmiştir. Osman Gazi son yıllarında yaşının ilerlemesi ve “damla illeti” yani gut hastalığı yüzünden tarihçilerin bildirdiklerine göre, beylik idaresini oğlu olan Orhan Bey'e bırakmıştır.1258 yılında Söğüt'te doğmuş, 1 Ağustos 1326'da Bursa'da hayatını kaybetmiştir.Osman Gazi’nin türbesi günümüzde Bursa’da yer almaktadır.
OTTOMANS EMPIRE SULTANS OSMANGAZİ
Osman Gazi, Establish the Ottoman Principality. Her father is Ertuğrul Gazi and her mother is Halime Hanım. Throughout his life, he conquered some cities and won wars. The principality he founded has reached an 600-year-old empire. Osman Gazi was left to his son Orhan Bey, whose age progress and the “drop disease”, namely his son, in his last years. It is located.
2. ORHANGAZİ (1326 – 1359)

Orhan Gazi, son yıllarında Osmanlı Devleti'nin idaresini, oğlu şehzade Murat`a bırakarak hayatını Bursa'da geçirmiştir.
Ölüm nedeni ve yılı hakkında tarihçiler arasında ihtilaf bulunmaktadır. Zamanının tarihçisi olan Âşıkpaşazâde, Orhan Bey'in Süleyman Bey'le aynı yılda, 1358'de, öldüğünü yazmaktadır. Bazı tarihçiler 1360 yılında 79 yaşında iken vefat ettiğini bildirirler ve diğerleri ise ölümünün 1362'de olduğunu belirtir.Orhan Bey, Bursa'da, Gümüşlü Kümbet'te babasının türbesine gömülmüştür.
OTTOMAN EMPIRE SULTANS ORHANGAZİ
Orhan Bey was born in 1281 in Söğüt. He was a principal between 1326 and 1359. He left the state, which he received from his father Osman Gazi as 16,000 km², to his son Murad I as 95,000 km². ... Orhan Bey conquered Mudanya in 1321 and brought his principality to the Marmara Sea coast.
Orhan Gazi spent his life in Bursa in the last years, leaving the administration of the Ottoman State to his son, Prince Murat.There is controversy among historians about the cause and year of death. As the historian of his time, Âşıkpaşazâde writes that Orhan Bey died in the same year as Süleyman Bey in 1358. Some historians report that he died at the age of 79 in 1360, and others report that his death was in 1362. Orhan Bey was buried in his father's tomb in Gümüşlü Kümbet in Bursa.
3. I.MURAT(1359 – 1389)

OTTOMANS EMPIRE SULTANS 1.MURAD
1. Murat is the third of the Sultans of the Ottoman State and was enthroned in 1362. Attaching importance to Balkan conquests rather than activities in Anatolia, Murad I defeated Byzantine and Bulgarian forces in 1363 Sazlıdere War and took Edirne. Later, Komotini and Plovdiv were taken and the Ottoman forces came to Catalca in the direction of Istanbul. By the capture of Edirne and Plovdiv, Byzantium was disconnected from the Balkans. These conquests worried the Balkan nations. Hungarian, Bulgarian, Serbian, Wallachia and Bosnian forces marched against Edirne by forming a crusader army against the Ottomans, who wanted to take these cities back and expel the Turks from Rumelia. After the Crusaders crossed the Meriç river, Hacı İlbey defeated the Crusaders in the Battle of Serbian Test (1364) with a sudden raid at midnight. Thus, the first Crusader alliance against the Ottoman State failed. After the war, Edirne was made the capital. Sultan First Murad, while touring the battlefield after the First Kosovo War, was martyred by the Serbian Nobleman Milos Obravic (son-in-law of the Serbian King Lazarus) (1389).
4. SULTAN I.YILDIRIM BAYEZID (1389 – 1402)

Yıldırım Bayezid tahta çıktıktan hemen sonra Anadolu’ya yöneldi. Dulkadiroğulları ve Ramazanoğulları dışındaki Tüm Anadolu Beylikleri’ni siyasi egemenliğine aldı. Böylece Anadolu Türk siyasi birliği büyük oranda ilk defa sağlandı.Yıldırım Bayezid İstanbul’u dört defa kuşattı; ancak bu kuşatmalar başarılı olmadı. Bu kuşatmaları etkili hale getirmek için Güzelce Hisarı (Anadolu Hisarı) yapıldı.Yıldırım Bayezid İstanbul’u kuşatan ilk Osmanlı padişahıdır. 1402 Ankara Savaşı Bağdat Celayirleri hakimi Ahmet Celayir ve Karakoyunlu hükümdarı Kara Yusuf Timur’dan kaçarak Yıldırım Bayezid’e sığınmıştı. Ayrıca Anadolu beylikleri de Timur’dan Bayezid’e karşı yardım istemişti. Bu olaylar Timur’u harekete geçirdi ve Timur Osmanlı Devleti’ne ait olan Sivas’ı yakıp yıktı. Yıldırım Bayezid ise buna karşılık Timur’a ait olan Erzincan’ı yaktı yıktı. Arada gidip gelen hakaret dolu mektuplar ve her iki hükümdarın da Türk cihan hakimiyeti arzusu Ankara Savaşı’nı kaçınılmaz hale getirdi. 1402’de Ankara’nın Çubuk Ovası’nda büyük bir savaş meydana geldi. Osmanlı Devletine bağlı Karatatarların ve Anadolu Türk Beylikleri’nin ihaneti neticesinde Osmanlı Devleti ağır bir yenilgiye uğradı. Yıldırım Timur’a esir oldu ve çok geçmeden vefat etti. Anadolu Türk birliği bozuldu. Beylikler tekrar kuruldu. (II. Beylikler Dönemi) Osmanlı merkezi otoritesi sarsıldı. Devlet yıkılma tehlikesi geçirdi. Yıldırımın oğulları arasında taht kavgası başladı. Bu karışıklık devrine Fetret Devri (1402-1413) adı verilir.
OTTOMANS SULTANS 1.YILDIRIM BAYEZID
Sultan Murad I, Sultan Murad I, was martyred by Milos Obilic, a Serbian noble at the end of this war, and passed to the Ottoman throne with the joint decision of the notables of the state.
Yıldırım Bayezid headed for Anatolia right after the throne. He took all Anatolian Principalities, except Dulkadiroğulları and Ramazanoğulları, under political sovereignty. Thus, the Anatolian Turkish political union was largely achieved for the first time.Yıldırım Bayezid surrounded Istanbul four times; however, these sieges were not successful. Güzelce Hisarı (Anadolu Hisarı) was built to make these sieges effective. Yildırım Bayezid was the first Ottoman sultan to surround Istanbul. 1402 Ankara War, Baghdad Celayirs ruler Ahmet Celayir and Karakoyunlu ruler escaped from Kara Yusuf Timur and took refuge in Yıldırım Bayezid. In addition, Anatolian principalities asked Timur for help against Bayezid. These events mobilized Timur and Timur destroyed Sivas, which belongs to the Ottoman State. Yıldırım Bayezid, on the other hand, burned down Erzincan, which belongs to Timur. Intermittent letters and the desire of both rulers to dominate the Turkish world made the Ankara War inevitable. A great war took place in Ankara's Çubuk Plain in 1402. As a result of the betrayal of the Karatatars and the Anatolian Turkish Principalities affiliated with the Ottoman State, the Ottoman State suffered a severe defeat. Yıldırım was captured by Timur and passed away soon. The Anatolian Turkish union was broken. Principalities were re-established. (II. Principalities Period)
The Ottoman central authority was shaken. The state was in danger of collapse. The fight for the throne started among the sons of Yıldırım. This period of confusion is called the Fetret Age (1402-1413).
5. SULTAN I.MEHMED (1413 -1421)

“ Tez oğlum Murat'i getirin. Ben bu döşekten kalkamam. Murat gelmeden ölürsem fitne çıkar. Tedarik görün, ölümümü gizleyin" vasiyetinde bulundu. En çok Selanik'te bulunan Düzmece Mustafa'dan çekinilerek, Amasya'da vali olan Murat'in Bursa'ya ulaşmasına kadar 42 gün ölüm haberi gizlendi. Osmanlı padişahları arasında ölümü gizlenen ilk padişah o oldu. Durumundan kuşkuya düşen ve ayaklanmaları güçlükle önlenen askerleri yatıştırmak için askere geçit yaptırılıp, bu sırada mumyalanmış cesedine kaftan giydirilip, başına sarık konulup pencere önüne oturtulduğu kollarının oynatıldığı rivayet edilir. II. Murat Bursa'ya gelip tahta çıkmasından sonra cenazesi Edirne'den Bursa'ya götürülerek Yeşil Türbe'ye defnedildi.
OTTOMANS SULTANS 1.MEHMED
The father of Yıldırım I, who was the 5th Sultan of the Ottoman State, the father of the First Mehmet (Çelebi mehmet), Yıldırım Bayezıd, Mother Hatuncu Çelebi Mehmet Yıldırım Beyazıd, who was captured by Timura during the Ankara War in 1402, was among the sons of Yıldırım Beyazıd in history. It is also known as the second founder of the Ottoman state, as it removed the state from the depressed years from the known throne fights that lasted 11 years.
Sultan Mehmed Celebi was paralyzed, fell and injured on horseback during a hunting hunt in Edirne on May 26, 1421. On his deathbed, Veziriazam called Amasyalı Beyazıd Pasha and his viziers İvaz Pasha and Çandarli İbrahim Pasha.“Bring my thesis son Murat. I can't get out of this mattress. If I die before Murat arrives, fitna will go out. Supply, hide my death. ”He was afraid of Düzmece Mustafa, who was in Thessaloniki most of all, and he was hidden for 42 days until Murat, who was the governor of Amasya, reached Bursa. In order to appease the soldiers, who are suspicious of their situation and whose revolts were hardly prevented, a parade was made and it was rumored that his mummified corpse was dressed in a robe, his head was placed in front of a window and his arms were played, and his funeral was taken from Bursa to Edirne after coming to Bursa and coming to the throne. He was buried in the Green Tomb.
6. II. MURAD (1421 – 1451)

Avrupalılar'ın cesaretine hayran duyduğu söylenir. Aynı zamanda Fatih Sultan Mehmet'in babasıdır.II. Murat tahta çıkar çıkmaz ilk işi Arnavutluk isyanını bastırmak oldu ve Paleologlar’a kendi tabiiyetlerini kabul ettirdi.1450 yılında oğlu Mehmet Dulkadıroğlu Süleyman Bey’in kızı Sitti Hatun ile evlendi ve Edirne’de büyük bir düğün yapıldı. Düğünden bir yıl sonra II. Murat hastalanarak hayatını kaybetti, 48 yaşında idi.
7. FATİH SULTAN MEHMED
(II.MEHMED) (1451 – 1481)

OTTOMANS SULTANS FATİH SULTANS MEHMED
At the age of 17, II. Murat was not recognized by the principalities in Anatolia. An uprising was launched against him, but in turn II. Murat sent envoys and applied to the politics of calming. When this policy did not work, II. Murat secured himself at sea with the help of the Genoese.II, who was on the throne for 30 years. Murad was born in 1402. He was 19 when he came to the throne. It is said that he admires the courage of the Europeans. He is also the father of Fatih Sultan Mehmet. As soon as Murat ascended the throne, his first job was to suppress the rebellion in Albania and had Paleologists accept their nationality.
In 1450, he married his son Mehmet Dulkadıroğlu Süleyman Bey's daughter Sitti Hatun and a big wedding was held in Edirne. One year after the wedding, II. Murat was ill and died, he was 48 years old.
8. SULTAN II. BAYAZID (1481 – 1512)

Nisan 1512'de II. Bayezid oğlu Selim namına tahtan feragat ettiğini açıkladı. Böylece babasının vefatından sonra yeniçerilerin desteği ile tahta çıkan II. Bayezid uzun bir saltanatın sonunda oğlunun baskısıyla tahttan çekilmiş oldu. II. Bayezid tahtını oğluna bırakırken şu sözleri söyler:“ Adaletten ayrılma, acizlere ve biçarelere karşı merhametli ol. Kimsesizlere şefkat göster, herkesin sana ram olmasını istiyorsan ulemaya çok saygı göster, zaruret olmadıkça kimseye sert davranma.
OTTOMANS SULTAN 2.BAYEZID
Sultan Second Bayezid was born on December 3, 1448 in Dimetoka. His father, Sultan of the World, Fatih Sultan Mehmed Han, is a Turkish daughter named Mükrime Hatun. He had a tall, wide-chested and strong body. Her face was round and her eyes were thin. He was brave and aggressive. At the same time, he was a very benevolent and religious sultan.In addition to his Islamic sciences, he also studied mathematics and philosophy. Sultan Second Bayezid's son, Prince Selim, removed his father from the throne and sent him into exile. II on April 24, 1512. Bayezid announced that he had waived the throne on behalf of his son Selim. Thus, after the death of his father, II. Bayezid was withdrawn from the throne under the pressure of his son after a long reign. II. As Bayezid leaves his throne to his son, he says the following:
“Do not leave justice, be merciful to helpless and helpless. Show compassion to the lonely, respect the ulema if you want everybody to be with you, do not be harsh on anyone unless necessary.
“Do not leave justice, be merciful to helpless and helpless. Show compassion to the lonely, respect the ulema if you want everybody to be with you, do not be harsh on anyone unless necessary.
9. YAVUZ SULTAN SELİM (1512 – 1520)

OTTOMANS SULTANS YAVUZ SULTANS SELİM
The 9th Ottoman Sultan Yavuz Sultan Selim, who was born on 10 October 1470 in Amasya, where his father, Bayezid was the sanjak, was the sanjak of Trabzon until 1510. Prince Selim confronted his father's army, where he learned that he was preparing to put his brother Ahmed on the throne. Meanwhile, the janissaries in Istanbul declared that they do not want Prince Ahmed and support Selim. As a result of the pressure of some viziers and pashas, Bayezid had to waive his throne in favor of Selim. Thus, Prince Selim came to the throne on April 24, 1512 as the 9th Ottoman ruler. After the capture of Cairo on January 24, 1517, Yavuz Sultan Selim received the caliphate from the Abbasids who were affiliated with the Mamluk State in Cairo. With the success of Yavuz Sultan Selim, the sacred relics in Cairo were brought to Istanbul, the capital of the Ottoman State. The Ottoman Empire conquered the caliphate institution, which provided binding and power in the Islamic religion. Thus, the first caliph was the Ottoman sultan Yavuz Sultan Selim. He died on September 12, 1520, because of a boil called "The Lion's Claw". After the funeral prayer performed in Fatih Mosque, he was buried in the tomb in Sultan Selim Mosque. After his death, his son Kanuni Sultan Süleyman was replaced.
10. KANUNİ SULTAN SÜLEYMAN (1520 – 1566)

OTTOMANS EMPIRE SULTAN KANUNI SULTANS SÜLEİMAN
Kanûnî Sultan Süleyman was born on Monday, April 27, 1495 in Trabzon. His father, Yavuz Sultan Selim, was his mother Hafsa Hatun. Şehzade Süleyman, who was called to Istanbul upon the arrival of Yavuz Sultan Selim in 1512, remained in Istanbul during his father's struggles with his brothers. He acted as the attorney. Meanwhile, Saruhan was also in sancakbey. Upon the death of his father Yavuz Sultan Selim, he passed to the Ottoman throne on September 30, 1520, when he was 25 years old. The transition to the throne was easy and without conflict because he had no other brother than him. Kanûnî Sultan Süleyman, who was a very serious and confident sultan, had determination and willpower. He would not be in a hurry in his works, would think very broadly and never return from his orders. He would serve the men he would bring to work, according to their degree of ability. By this time he was seventy-two years old and was in the forty-sixth year of his reign. The city of Zigetvar consisted of three parts surrounded by walls and rivers. Therefore, no results could be obtained immediately. When the last day of the siege was approached, the monarch, whose illness increased, passed away on the night of 6-7 September 1566, the death of Kanuni Sultan Süleyman was ingeniously hidden for forty-eight days, thereby avoiding any serious consequences.
Kanûnî Sultan Süleyman was born on Monday, April 27, 1495 in Trabzon. His father, Yavuz Sultan Selim, was his mother Hafsa Hatun. Şehzade Süleyman, who was called to Istanbul upon the arrival of Yavuz Sultan Selim in 1512, remained in Istanbul during his father's struggles with his brothers. He acted as the attorney. Meanwhile, Saruhan was also in sancakbey. Upon the death of his father Yavuz Sultan Selim, he passed to the Ottoman throne on September 30, 1520, when he was 25 years old. The transition to the throne was easy and without conflict because he had no other brother than him. Kanûnî Sultan Süleyman, who was a very serious and confident sultan, had determination and willpower. He would not be in a hurry in his works, would think very broadly and never return from his orders. He would serve the men he would bring to work, according to their degree of ability. By this time he was seventy-two years old and was in the forty-sixth year of his reign. The city of Zigetvar consisted of three parts surrounded by walls and rivers. Therefore, no results could be obtained immediately. When the last day of the siege was approached, the monarch, whose illness increased, passed away on the night of 6-7 September 1566, the death of Kanuni Sultan Süleyman was ingeniously hidden for forty-eight days, thereby avoiding any serious consequences.
11. II. SELİM (1566 – 1574)

OTTOMANS EMPIRE SULTANS SELIM
Sultan Selim II was born on May 28, 1524 in Istanbul. His father is Kanûnî Sultan Süleyman and his mother is Hürrem Sultan. Sultan Selim II was of medium height, fair forehead, blue eyes, thin muscular and blond. He was brought up with an excellent education and training in his prince. He also worked as a sancakbey in various parts of Anatolia to learn the state administration thoroughly. Meanwhile, he continued his education and increased his knowledge and experience. Second Selim, also known as Yellow Selim, was the sanjakey of Kütahya and came to Istanbul upon the death news of his father, Cihan Sultan Sultan Suleyman, and passed the throne at the age of forty-two on September 30, 1566. Yellow Selim is known as a faint and weak ruler compared to previous Ottoman sultans. During the reign of his father, Sultan Selim II, who easily entered the throne with the elimination of his other brothers Şehzade Bayezid and Şehzade Mustafa, exhibited a very faint administration compared to his grandfather Yavuz Sultan Selim and his father Kanûnî. Thanks to the great statesmen of the period, the Ottoman Empire continued its magnificence, and the strong and experienced viziers like Sokullu Mehmed Pasha kept the government alive. Sultan Selim II never went on a journey and there was a disaster in the Captain-ı Deryay of Ali Pasha, who was not merit. He passed away on December 15, 1574 after serving as sultan for eight years.
12. III. MURAD (1574 – 1595)

29 yaşında çıktığı tahtta 20 yıl kalan Sultan Üçüncü Murad 16 Ocak 1595 tarihinde felç geçirdi ve vefat etti. Ayasofya Camii’nin avlusuna defnedildi. Sokullu Mehmed Paşa’nın ağırlığını hissettirdiği III. Murad döneminde, Osmanlı toprakları en geniş sınırlarına ulaştı.
OTTOMANS EMPIRE SULTANS 3.MURAD
II. Şehzade Murat, the son of Selim, was born in Manisa in 1546. After receiving his first education at the place of his birth, he was sent to the province of Aydın as a starboard. Then he went to Akşehir, from there to Konya and finally to Saruhan, where he was an administrator until he became a sultan. During this 12-year term, the administration did not interfere with the affairs, and already lived a comfortable life as the only heir to the throne.
Sultan Murad III, who remained on the throne for 20 years at the age of 29, suffered a stroke and died on January 16, 1595. He was buried in the courtyard of the Hagia Sophia Mosque. III, where Sokullu Mehmed Pasha felt his weight. During the Murad period, the Ottoman lands reached their widest limits.
Sultan Murad III, who remained on the throne for 20 years at the age of 29, suffered a stroke and died on January 16, 1595. He was buried in the courtyard of the Hagia Sophia Mosque. III, where Sokullu Mehmed Pasha felt his weight. During the Murad period, the Ottoman lands reached their widest limits.
13. III. MEHMED (1595 – 1603)

1583 yılında Manisa sancağı valiliğine tayin edilen 3.Mehmed, babası 3.Murat'ın vefatı nedeniyle Osmanlı tahtına çıkmıştır. Sultan Mehmet ilk çıktığı an verdiği ilk emir 19 kardeşinin ölüm fermanını vermek olmuştur. Bu olay tarihe Osmanlı İmparatorluğunun en kanlı olaylarından birisi olarak geçmiştir
III. Mehmed, 26 Mayıs 1566 yılında Manisa’nın Sart ovasında Safiye Sultan’dan dünyaya gelmişti. Bir rivayete göre Şehzade Murad, Sigetvar seferine çıkmış bulunan babası Kanunî Sultan Süleyman’dan yeni doğan torununa isim vermesini rica etmişti. Tatar pazarcığı menziline geldiğinde bu kutlu haberi alan Kanunî de, II. Murad Han’ın oğlu Fatih Sultan Mehmed’i düşünerek Mehmed adını koymuştu.27 Ekim 1603 tarihini gösteren gün türbelere yaptığı ziyaretlerden sonra, üzüntülü olarak saraya giderken arkasından dervişin birini bağırdığını duydu. Derviş, elli altı gün sonra büyük bir olay olacağını, gafil bulunmaması gerektiğini bildirerek “Günlerini durma say, ecel pek yakın” demişti. 18 Aralık’ta padişahın hastalığı iyice artmıştır. Ölüm hastalığının dört beş gün sürdüğü hakkında birtakım rivayetler olmakla birlikte hastalığının sebebi tam olarak bilinmemektedir. Fakat en büyük üzüntüyü oğlu Mahmud’un âkıbeti sonucu yaşamıştır. Mehmed bin Mehmed er-Rûmî onun şişmanlıktan kaynaklanan mide rahatsızlığından muzdarip olduğunu belirtir. Bazı kaynaklarda da kalp krizi sonucu öldüğü kaydedilir Elli altı gün sonra dervişin sözleri gerçek olmuş ve III. Mehmed Han otuz yedi yaşında iken vefat etmiştir (21 Aralık 1603).
OTTOMANS EMPIRE 3. MEHMED
III. Mehmed was born on May 26, 1566, from Safiye Sultan in the Sart plain of Manisa. According to a rumor, Şehzade Murad had asked his father, Kanunî Sultan Süleyman, who was on the expedition to name his newborn grandson. Kanunî, who received this blessed news when he came within the range of Tatarpazarcığı, also, II. Murad Han's son Fatih Sultan named Mehmed by thinking of Mehmed. After the visits to the tombs on the day showing the date of 27 October 1603, he heard the dervish shouting one of the dervishes behind him. Derviş stated that after fifty-six days there would be a big event and that he should not be off guard "Don't stop your days, the death is very close," he said. On 18 December, the disease of the sultan increased. Although there are some rumors about the death disease lasting four or five days, the cause of the disease is not known exactly. However, he suffered the greatest sadness as a result of the fate of his son Mahmud. Mehmed bin Mehmed er-Rûmî states that he suffered from stomach upset caused by obesity. In some sources it is noted that he died as a result of a heart attack Fifty-six days later, the words of the dervish came true and III. Mehmed Han passed away when he was thirty-seven (21 December 1603)
III. Mehmed was born on May 26, 1566, from Safiye Sultan in the Sart plain of Manisa. According to a rumor, Şehzade Murad had asked his father, Kanunî Sultan Süleyman, who was on the expedition to name his newborn grandson. Kanunî, who received this blessed news when he came within the range of Tatarpazarcığı, also, II. Murad Han's son Fatih Sultan named Mehmed by thinking of Mehmed. After the visits to the tombs on the day showing the date of 27 October 1603, he heard the dervish shouting one of the dervishes behind him. Derviş stated that after fifty-six days there would be a big event and that he should not be off guard "Don't stop your days, the death is very close," he said. On 18 December, the disease of the sultan increased. Although there are some rumors about the death disease lasting four or five days, the cause of the disease is not known exactly. However, he suffered the greatest sadness as a result of the fate of his son Mahmud. Mehmed bin Mehmed er-Rûmî states that he suffered from stomach upset caused by obesity. In some sources it is noted that he died as a result of a heart attack Fifty-six days later, the words of the dervish came true and III. Mehmed Han passed away when he was thirty-seven (21 December 1603)
14. I. AHMED (1603 – 1617)

Saltanatında, hanedan veraset sistemini değiştirip kardeş katli yasasını kaldırmıştır.Yerine ailenin aklı başındaki en büyük üyesi padişah olur sistemini getirmiştir. Bu yeni yasanın, şehzadeler arasındaki rekabetin ve taht kavgalarının, taht için gerçekleştirilen kardeş katillerinin önlenmesi açısından Osmanlı tarihinde çok büyük önemi vardır.
OTTOMANS SULTANS 1.AHMED
His father, Sultan III. Mehmed is his mother Handan Sultan. Upon his father's death, on 21 December 1603, Eyüp Sultan wore a sword and took the throne. Sultan Ahmet I is considered to be the first sultan to deal with the state affairs intensely among the sultans after Suleiman the Magnificent. Sultan Ahmet I could not get rid of the typhus disease he had caught, he died on the night of November 21, November 22, at the age of 27 in 1617 and was buried in his tomb next to the Blue Mosque.In his reign, he changed the dynastic inheritance system and abolished the sister-law law. Instead, he became the sultan's biggest member of the family. This new law has great importance in the history of the Ottoman Empire in terms of the competition between the princes and the fight against the throne and the murderers of the throne.
OTTOMANS SULTANS 1.AHMED
His father, Sultan III. Mehmed is his mother Handan Sultan. Upon his father's death, on 21 December 1603, Eyüp Sultan wore a sword and took the throne. Sultan Ahmet I is considered to be the first sultan to deal with the state affairs intensely among the sultans after Suleiman the Magnificent. Sultan Ahmet I could not get rid of the typhus disease he had caught, he died on the night of November 21, November 22, at the age of 27 in 1617 and was buried in his tomb next to the Blue Mosque.In his reign, he changed the dynastic inheritance system and abolished the sister-law law. Instead, he became the sultan's biggest member of the family. This new law has great importance in the history of the Ottoman Empire in terms of the competition between the princes and the fight against the throne and the murderers of the throne.
15. I. MUSTAFA (1617 – 1618 / 1622 – 1623)

OTTOMANS EMPIRE SULTANS 1.MUSTAFA
His father, Sultan III. Is Mehmed't. Although the name of Mustafa's mother was not known for certain, it was narrated by some historians that F olduğuldane was the Valide Sultan. For the first time in Ottoman history, it was the sultan who came to the throne behind his brother by breaking the rule of passing the sultanate from father to son. He was a sultan for two separate occasions. It is said that Kösem Sultan influenced his wife, Ahmed I, and that his brother-in-law, Mustafa, survived. When Ahmed I died, his eldest son (born from Mahfiruz Hadice Sultan) II. Since Osman Genç Osman was 13 years old, it was decided to take the throne of Mustafa I in terms of being the most senior male member of the dynasty. The fifteenth of the Ottoman Sultans, Mustafa I, received a good education like every prince. Sultan Ahmet I brought the Ekber-Erşet system by changing the sister law. According to this new law, the dynasty, the biggest male member of the dynasty, would enter the throne in order to avoid the murder of the brother. After Sultan Ahmet's death, his son II. As Osman was only 14 years old, the eldest member of the family, Ahmet's brother, Mustafa, came to the throne. Osman passed.
16. GENÇ OSMAN (1618 – 1622)

OTTOMANS EMPIRE SULTANS GENÇ OSMAN
Known as Young Osman. Osman was born in 1604. When Young Osman was only 14, he passed the throne after his uncle Mustafa was thrown from the throne. He was buried in his tomb next to the Sultanahmed Mosque.
17. IV. MURAD (1623 – 1640)

OTTOMANS EMPIRE SULTANS 4.MURAD
Born in 1612 in Istanbul, Şehzade Murat is the son of Ahmet I from Kösem Sultan. Although his uncle Mustafa was mentally unstable, his throne was thrown at the throne by his mother Kösem Sultan, although he was still very young. Murat IV, who became the sultan in 1623, was under the influence of his mother because of his young age in the early days of his reign. It had no effect on the events of the period for 9 years. He handled the administration on behalf of his name only after he eliminated Grand Vizier Recep Pasha and the bullies in 1632. The sultan, who suddenly got worse one night in 1640, even lost his consciousness from time to time. He died on February 8 of the year. His coffin was buried in the tomb of his father, Ahmet, next to Sultan Ahmet Mosque.
18. 1.İBRAHİM (1640 – 1648)

OTTOMANS EMPIRE SULTANS 1.IBRAHIM
Born in 1615, Şehzade İbrahim is the son of Ahmet I born from Kösem Sultan. He came to the throne at the age of 25 and coincided with the most complicated period of the Ottoman State in the first days of the Sultanate. His uncle Mustafa's mental imbalance, his brother Young Osman's massacre, again IV. Murat's harsh attitudes while he was on the throne affected his sensitive temperament. IV. Even though Murat was sick and wanted to kill İbrahim, who was the only heir to the throne, but this situation was prevented by Kösem Sultan, he reached a point that he could not even imagine, and in 1640, a cerulean ceremony took place. Sofu Mehmet Pasha, who was the man of Ağa, made a call for a new uprising on August 7, 1648, due to the fact that the treasury was emptied as a result of bad and unconscious administration, because of the fact that extra taxes were collected from the people and even the salaries of the soldiers could not be paid. was announced. The rebels, who received the support of Şeyhülislam Abdurrahim Efendi, brought the sultan away from the throne and replaced him with his son, who was just 7 years old. They passed and obeyed Mehmet. The most painful event of the revolution was, "When two caliphs were found, you murdered one to prevent mischief." The revolutionaries, who were based on the Sheikh-ul-Fatwa form, were killed by strangling in the cell they closed in 11 days after the death of Abraham. İbrahim I is a medphine in Hagia Sophia Treasury.
19. IV. MEHMED (1648 – 1687)

OTTOMANS EMPIRE SULTANS 4.MEHMED
Born in 1642 in Istanbul, Şehzade Mehmet's father is I. İbrahim. He received a good education as his childhood passed in a traditional setting in the palace. Due to his father's unstable behavior, he came to the throne in 1648 when he was 7 years old, with the help of statesmen of his grandmother Kösem Sultan. After the sword procession ceremony, the sword was besieged and handed down the tip.
The Fourth Mehmed was deposed unanimously on November 8, 1687, after the Second Vienna defeat. His next life lasted as a complete prison life with two concubines placed next to him in a room in the palace. He died in Edirne on December 6, 1693. Her funeral was sent to Istanbul and she was buried next to her mother Turhan Sultan in her tomb in Yeni Mosque.
The Fourth Mehmed was deposed unanimously on November 8, 1687, after the Second Vienna defeat. His next life lasted as a complete prison life with two concubines placed next to him in a room in the palace. He died in Edirne on December 6, 1693. Her funeral was sent to Istanbul and she was buried next to her mother Turhan Sultan in her tomb in Yeni Mosque.
20. II. SÜLEYMAN (1687 – 1691)

OTTOMANS EMPIRE SULTANS 2. SÜLEIMAN
Born in 1642 in Istanbul, the father of Prince Suleyman is Ibrahim I. His brother IV. During the reign of Mehmet, he was kept under strict custody, and even at the time of his brother's hunting parties and expeditions, he was at Edirne Palace from time to time. Due to the siege of Vienna in 1683 and subsequent defeat, the problems caused by the great land losses were decided to be removed from his throne and replaced and his reign started in 1687.In May 1691, when Grand Vizier Fazıl Mustafa Pasha was on his Hungarian expedition for the second time, Sultan II. Solomon also went on a campaign. When his discomfort increased, he could only come to Edirne. The sultan, who is aware of how far his illness has progressed, is that; instead, he was willing to take his brother Prince Ahmed to the throne. Indeed II. Solomon was 49 when he passed away on a Friday, June 22, 1691. His funeral was sent to Istanbul and was buried in the tomb of Suleiman the Magnificent, the great ancestor of which he had the same name, in the Süleymaniye Mosque.
21. II. AHMED (1691 – 1695)

OTTOMAN EMPIRE SULTANS 2.AHMED
Ahmed II is the 21st Ottoman sultan. He is the son of Sultan İbrahim and Muazzez Sultan. After his youth in the cage, he came to the throne in 1691.Sultan Ahmet II was a master in calligraphy. Sultan Ahmet, who has a very good writing ability, has written many Quran and also has reproduced other books. He was also fond of poets and poetry. After reigning for 3 years 7 months and 14 days, he could not get rid of the cirrhosis disease he died and died on 6 February 1695 in Edirne. Her body was brought to Istanbul and buried in the Kanuni Sultan Süleyman Tomb.
22. II. MUSTAFA (1695 – 1703)

Bu vakanın sonucunda tahttah indirilen II. Mustafa Edirne'yi terk edip İstanbul'a döndü. Bir süredir devam eden Edirne'deki saray yaşamı tekrar İstanbul'a dönmüş oldu. Oğulları ile birlikte kafes hayatına giren II. Mustafa, 29 Aralık 1703 yılında hayatını kaybetti
OTTOMANS EMPIRE SULTANS 2.MUSTAFA
OTTOMANS EMPIRE SULTANS 2.MUSTAFA
Born in 1664 in Edirne, Şehzade Mustafa, IV. He is the son of Mehmet. The prince, who had a good education from a young age, went on a trip to Lehistan with his father. Although his father was deposed in 1687, he was a candidate for the throne. He deemed Süleyman worthy and Prince Mustafa was imprisoned in Topkapi Palace with his father. However, in 1691 II. Although Solomon was a candidate for the throne once again, Fazıl Mustafa Pasha II. He preferred Ahmet. Although his son İbrahim was nominated as a candidate for the death of Sultan Ahmet, Mustafa declared his sultanate without waiting for the Grand Vizier and sheikhs by establishing a throne in front of Ortakapı in Edirne Palace as the oldest dynasty. II. Mustafa was 31 at the time; a few days later, the sword-worn ceremony was held. People and Janissaries wanted Feyzullah Efendi and his relatives to be tried and the sultan to come to Istanbul. A great meeting was held on July 18, 3 days later with the participation of the ulama and artisans. The crowd organized on 9 September set out for Edirne. Çalık Ahmet Ağa and Ahmet Pasha, who were at the beginning of the march, were brought down from the throne of the sultan and replaced by III. They wanted Ahmet to pass. Against the crowd, a defense army was prepared under the command of Vizier Hasan Pasha in Edirne. Understanding that he had no support after Hüseyin Pasha's withdrawal, II. Mustafa, withdrawing from the throne on August 22, was replaced by his brother III. He left it to Ahmet.As a result of this case, II. Mustafa left Edirne and returned to Istanbul. The palace life in Edirne, which has been going on for a while, has returned to Istanbul. Having entered the cage life with his sons, II. Mustafa died on December 29, 1703
23. III. AHMED (1703 – 1730)

OTTOMANS EMPIRE SULTANS 3.AHMED
III. Ahmet was born on December 31, 1673. IV. Mehmet's Rabia Gülnuş was the second son of Emetullah Sultan. The palace was used in Topkapı and then in Edirne Palace. Ahmet received his education from Sultanî Mehmet Efendi and later from Seyyit Feyzullah Efendi. Her brother II. Mustafa was thrown to the throne at the age of 30 on August 22, 2017, after he was deposed due to a revolt. III. Since Ahmet was a sultan who loved the garden and flowers, the floristry called “greetings” became a profession in his time. Later, tulip became a precious flower, symbolizing it as the Tulip Period and symbolizing those years, and books on its varieties and growing methods were written. III. The Çırağan realms, where Ahmet participated, were also made in gardens decorated with these precious tulips.
III. With the decree taken from Ahmet, a printing house was published in 1727, which printed Turkish books for the first time. Paper production started in Yalova, a tile factory was established in Tekfur Palace in Istanbul in 1725 and some of the tile masters in Iznik came here to work. In addition, another factory was built in Istanbul to weave the fabric called Hatayi, next to the existing cloth factory. Sultan III, who was dismissed from the throne with the people's revolution when he was 57 Ahmed continued to live in his apartment allocated to him in Topkapı Palace. During this time, Sultan Ahmed, who was busy with plenty of worship and calligraphy, died on 24 June 1736 when he was 63 years old. His body was sent to the Turhan Sultan tomb in Eminönü, Istanbul, with his father Sultan IV. Mehmed and his brother Sultan II. He was buried next to Mustafa. Sultan III, who was the sultan for 27 years. The two princes of Ahmed (Sultan Mustafa III: 1757-1774 and Sultan Abdulhamid I: 1774-1779) will rise to the Ottoman throne.
24. I. MAHMUD (1730 – 1754)

OTTOMAN EMPIRE SULTANS 1. MAHMUD
Born in Edirne in 1696, Şehzade Mahmut, II. He is Mustafa's eldest son. He spent his childhood years in his birthplace and got his first education here. He was imprisoned with his brothers after his father was deposed in the Edirne Case. His prison life lasted 27 years, and during this time he often dealt with the art of jewelry. During the Patrona Halil Rebellion, III. Instead of Ahmet, he was thrown into the throne by the people in 1730. Uncle III, the first to pay him allegiance. Is Ahmet; It is known to warn him not to trust anyone. Sultan First Mahmud became a sultan on October 1, 1730 when he was 35 years old. He chose the most valuable people in his period and brought them to work. He was a person of character, determined, kind, compassionate, careful and patient. He acted with the welfare of the nation rather than his own taste. In this way, his father and uncle did not make mistakes. Sultan First Mahmud, who passed the last two years of his life, passed away on December 13, 1754 when he was 59 years old. Sultan was buried in Mustafa's tomb in Yeni Mosque
25. III. OSMAN (1754 – 1757)

OTTOMANS EMPIRE SULTANS 3.OSMAN
Born in 1699 in Edirne, Şehzade Osman II. He is the son of Mustafa. He was imprisoned in the Edirne Case with his father after his father was deposed. He became the biggest prince waiting for the throne with his brother Mahmut I.'s reign, but this waiting period lasted 53 years; In this period, Şehzade Osman made portable small tables, drawers called "curd". He went to the throne at the age of 58 in 1754 with the death of his brother Mahmut I.Sultan III. Because Osman hated music, the musician removed some of the concubines from the palace. As he wandered around the palace, he did not want to meet the concubines, so he had iron heels on his shoes. Hearing the sound of the heel, the concubines learned that the sultan had come and were out of the way. The reign lasted for 2 years, 10 months and 18 days, and during this period he changed seven viziers. He died on 30 October 1757 due to the shirk and was buried in the Yeni Mosque Turhan Valide Sultan tomb.
Born in 1699 in Edirne, Şehzade Osman II. He is the son of Mustafa. He was imprisoned in the Edirne Case with his father after his father was deposed. He became the biggest prince waiting for the throne with his brother Mahmut I.'s reign, but this waiting period lasted 53 years; In this period, Şehzade Osman made portable small tables, drawers called "curd". He went to the throne at the age of 58 in 1754 with the death of his brother Mahmut I.Sultan III. Because Osman hated music, the musician removed some of the concubines from the palace. As he wandered around the palace, he did not want to meet the concubines, so he had iron heels on his shoes. Hearing the sound of the heel, the concubines learned that the sultan had come and were out of the way. The reign lasted for 2 years, 10 months and 18 days, and during this period he changed seven viziers. He died on 30 October 1757 due to the shirk and was buried in the Yeni Mosque Turhan Valide Sultan tomb.
26. III. MUSTAFA (1757 – 1774)

OTTOMANS EMPIRE SULTANS 3.MUSTAFA
III. Mustafa was born on January 28, 1717 in Istanbul. Father III. Ahmet is his mother Mihrişah Sultan. Born in entering the Tulip Age III. Mustafa spent his childhood in the colorful environment of this period. Damat İbrahim Pasha and his father III. He closely followed Ahmet's reform efforts. He received a good education throughout the city and received high religious sciences, literature, history, geography and military sciences from the great scholars of the period. He lived a cage life for 27 years with his father, who was thrown from the throne in 1730 with the Patrona Halil Rebellion. III. He passed the throne on October 30, 1757 with the death of Mustafa. At the same time, he was the last sultan to tip the culus when he came to the throne. On May 22, 1766, the big Istanbul earthquake happened in his time. While there were power earthquakes in Europe, the Ottoman Empire was not affected by these earthquakes. The fact that the Russians introduced troops into Poland against the treaties, the French encouraged and the Sultan was prone to war caused the war to be declared against Russia in October 1768. Czarina II. Although the Russian armies under the command of Katerina were subjected to the coups of the Crimean Khan Giray Khan first, 1769 due to the inexperience and preparation of the Ottoman army.In the last spring, they have received Hotin, the door of Poland. Russians, who came to the Peloponnese together with the Greeks from the Finnish Gulf through the Mediterranean because of the Black Sea Ottoman Lake, were devastated in April 1770; however, the Russian forces heading towards the Aegean with the Baltic Fleet retreated in July 1770 off the Sheep Islands with great losses against Ottoman ships; then they raided the Ottoman ships in Çeşme Port, causing great losses. The revenge of the Çeşme Raid, which caused great flows in Europe, was taken by the Algerian Hasan Pasha. Here, the Ottoman Empire's centuries-long life, as the only superpower in the world since at least 1453, ended with the events that will occur after that. Because the Russian black soldiers under the command of Count Romanzov defeated the Grand Vizier Ivaz-zhal Halil Pasha in August 1770 and Bender was taken over by the Russians in a place called the Eagle (Larga) of Boğdan. Russia did not remain with this either, and surrounded Orkapı, the gate of Crimea. Czarina divided the Crimea in half, saying that if he left the Ottoman State, he would accept it as an independent state, and Crimea obliged to obey the Russian occupation (July 1771). Now the Ottoman State had lost its feature of being the 1st State of the world. In 1771, the Russians invaded Wallachia, that is Romania. These advances of the Russians who entered Bulgaria from Dobrudja afterwards put the Sultan in trouble, who thought that it caused great disasters to happen to the state due to the war he caused, and died in troubles by suffering from nuisance.
III. Mustafa was born on January 28, 1717 in Istanbul. Father III. Ahmet is his mother Mihrişah Sultan. Born in entering the Tulip Age III. Mustafa spent his childhood in the colorful environment of this period. Damat İbrahim Pasha and his father III. He closely followed Ahmet's reform efforts. He received a good education throughout the city and received high religious sciences, literature, history, geography and military sciences from the great scholars of the period. He lived a cage life for 27 years with his father, who was thrown from the throne in 1730 with the Patrona Halil Rebellion. III. He passed the throne on October 30, 1757 with the death of Mustafa. At the same time, he was the last sultan to tip the culus when he came to the throne. On May 22, 1766, the big Istanbul earthquake happened in his time. While there were power earthquakes in Europe, the Ottoman Empire was not affected by these earthquakes. The fact that the Russians introduced troops into Poland against the treaties, the French encouraged and the Sultan was prone to war caused the war to be declared against Russia in October 1768. Czarina II. Although the Russian armies under the command of Katerina were subjected to the coups of the Crimean Khan Giray Khan first, 1769 due to the inexperience and preparation of the Ottoman army.In the last spring, they have received Hotin, the door of Poland. Russians, who came to the Peloponnese together with the Greeks from the Finnish Gulf through the Mediterranean because of the Black Sea Ottoman Lake, were devastated in April 1770; however, the Russian forces heading towards the Aegean with the Baltic Fleet retreated in July 1770 off the Sheep Islands with great losses against Ottoman ships; then they raided the Ottoman ships in Çeşme Port, causing great losses. The revenge of the Çeşme Raid, which caused great flows in Europe, was taken by the Algerian Hasan Pasha. Here, the Ottoman Empire's centuries-long life, as the only superpower in the world since at least 1453, ended with the events that will occur after that. Because the Russian black soldiers under the command of Count Romanzov defeated the Grand Vizier Ivaz-zhal Halil Pasha in August 1770 and Bender was taken over by the Russians in a place called the Eagle (Larga) of Boğdan. Russia did not remain with this either, and surrounded Orkapı, the gate of Crimea. Czarina divided the Crimea in half, saying that if he left the Ottoman State, he would accept it as an independent state, and Crimea obliged to obey the Russian occupation (July 1771). Now the Ottoman State had lost its feature of being the 1st State of the world. In 1771, the Russians invaded Wallachia, that is Romania. These advances of the Russians who entered Bulgaria from Dobrudja afterwards put the Sultan in trouble, who thought that it caused great disasters to happen to the state due to the war he caused, and died in troubles by suffering from nuisance.
27. I. ABDÜLHAMİD (1774 – 1789)

OTTOMAS EMPIRE SULTANS 1.ABDULHAMİD
Born in Istanbul in 1725, Şehzade Abdulhamid III. Ahmet's son and his brother III. He came to the throne after Mustafa. When Patrona was rebelled during the Halil Rebellion, he and his brothers were imprisoned in the palace. Abdülhamid spent his childhood years under arrest, and his brother III. He continued until Mustafa's throne, and on the death of his brother, he came to the throne in 1774 when he was 49 years old.Although there were some failures in the political field, it has been a great success in the reform movements and the correction of the army. As he healed the Ottoman navy, he gave importance to the training of naval officers in the Engineerhane-i Bahri Humayun school, which was opened in 1775. Tershane Engineering Center was opened in 1776. Turkish printing also revived during this period.The Russians surrounded the Ozi fortress and murdered 25,000 people lowly (December 17, 1788). Upon reaching this news in Istanbul, Sultan Abdulhamid the First fell ill and suffered a stroke. However, he continued to deal with government affairs until he passed away on April 7, 1789.
Born in Istanbul in 1725, Şehzade Abdulhamid III. Ahmet's son and his brother III. He came to the throne after Mustafa. When Patrona was rebelled during the Halil Rebellion, he and his brothers were imprisoned in the palace. Abdülhamid spent his childhood years under arrest, and his brother III. He continued until Mustafa's throne, and on the death of his brother, he came to the throne in 1774 when he was 49 years old.Although there were some failures in the political field, it has been a great success in the reform movements and the correction of the army. As he healed the Ottoman navy, he gave importance to the training of naval officers in the Engineerhane-i Bahri Humayun school, which was opened in 1775. Tershane Engineering Center was opened in 1776. Turkish printing also revived during this period.The Russians surrounded the Ozi fortress and murdered 25,000 people lowly (December 17, 1788). Upon reaching this news in Istanbul, Sultan Abdulhamid the First fell ill and suffered a stroke. However, he continued to deal with government affairs until he passed away on April 7, 1789.
28. III. SELİM (1789 – 1807)

OTTOMANS EMPIRE SULTANS 3.SELİM
Sultan Selim III was born on December 24, 1761 in Istanbul. His father is Sultan Mustafa, his mother is Mihrişah Sultan. The Sultan wanted the Third Selim to be the sultan. However, after his father, his uncle Sultan First Abdulhamid was brought to the sultan. Sultan First Abdulhamid considered Sultan Selim III in the palace, but still gave importance to his education. Upon the death of his uncle Sultan First Abdulhamid, he sat on the Ottoman throne at the age of 28 on April 7, 1789.On May 25, 1807, Kabakçı Mustafa Rebellion appeared. The Rebellious Janissaries executed many statesmen and III. They put Selim down the throne. III. Selim's uncle's son IV. They put Mustafa on the throne. Alemdar Mustafa Pasha's III. When it was heard that Selim wanted to put the throne back on July 28, 1808, III. Selim was executed. Next to Laleli Mosque III. He was buried in Mustafa's tomb.
Sultan Selim III was born on December 24, 1761 in Istanbul. His father is Sultan Mustafa, his mother is Mihrişah Sultan. The Sultan wanted the Third Selim to be the sultan. However, after his father, his uncle Sultan First Abdulhamid was brought to the sultan. Sultan First Abdulhamid considered Sultan Selim III in the palace, but still gave importance to his education. Upon the death of his uncle Sultan First Abdulhamid, he sat on the Ottoman throne at the age of 28 on April 7, 1789.On May 25, 1807, Kabakçı Mustafa Rebellion appeared. The Rebellious Janissaries executed many statesmen and III. They put Selim down the throne. III. Selim's uncle's son IV. They put Mustafa on the throne. Alemdar Mustafa Pasha's III. When it was heard that Selim wanted to put the throne back on July 28, 1808, III. Selim was executed. Next to Laleli Mosque III. He was buried in Mustafa's tomb.
29. IV. MUSTAFA (1807 – 1808)

İstanbul'daki asayiş sağlanamamakta idi. Asiler ile başa çıkamayacağını anlayınca IV. Mustafa, Alemdar Mustafa Paşa'dan yardım istedi. Bunun üzerine 16 bin kişilik bir kuvvetle gelen Alemdar Mustafa Paşa, Kabakçı ve yandaşlarını öldürttü. Kabakçı’nın öldürülmesi, saray erkanı ve yeniçeriler arasında büyük telaşa sebep oldu. Daha sonra İstanbul'a giren Alemdar, zorbaları ortadan kaldırmaya ve fesatçıları sürmeye başladı. Bu sırada Alemdar'ın taraftarları III. Selim'i yeniden tahta çıkarmaları için tahrike başladılar. Onun bu niyetini sezen Sadrazam Çelebi Mustafa Paşa, kendisinden İstanbul'u terk etmesini istedi. Alemdar Mustafa Paşa da bunun üzerine, 28 Temmuz günü on beş bin kişiden fazla askeriyle Bab-ı Ali'yi bastı. Sadrazamdan mührünü aldı. Ancak, III. Selim'in yeniden tahta çıkması halinde kendilerini öldürteceğinden korkan asiler ve bazı devlet adamları, padişahtan III. Selim ve Şehzade Mahmut'un öldürülmeleri için ferman çıkarttırdılar. Nitekim, zorla saraya giren Alemdar, III. Selim'in hançer darbeleriyle şehit edilmiş cesediyle karşılaştı. Hizmetkarlarının yardımı ile hayatını kurtaran II. Mahmut'u 28 Temmuz 1808 yılında padişah ilan etti. IV. Mustafa ise, Topkapı Sarayı'na yerleştirildi IV. Mustafa, 17 Kasım 1808'de yeniden tahta geçirme teşebbüsünde bulunulmaması için öldürüldü. Osmanlı tahtına II. Mahmut geçirildi. IV. Mustafa'nın cenazesi merasimle kaldırılarak, Bahçe Kapısı'nda babası I. Abdülhamit’in türbesine defnedildi.IV. Mustafa, öldüğünde 30 yaşında idi.
OTTOMAS EMPIRE SULTANS 4.MUSTAFA
It is the twenty-ninth Ottoman sultan. Born in 1779, he is the son of Mustafa Abdulhamid I. From a young age, he received a classical education in the palace, made inspection trips with his father. On the death of his father, his wooden uncle III. Selim came out, but he loved and looked after Prince Mustafa because he had no children; he had a comfortable period. III. Selim's reforms caused an uprising among the people, and they dismissed the sultan. Thereupon, IV. Mustafa took the throne
The revolt in Istanbul also disrupted the discipline of the army on the Russian front. III in the army. Selim supporters took refuge with Alemdar Mustafa Pasha, the Ruse of Ruse. On these events IV. Mustafa dismissed Grand Vizier Hilmi Pasha and brought Çelebi Mustafa Pasha to his place. Taking advantage of this confusion in the Ottoman army, the Russians captured some castles in Wallachia and Boğdan. However, their difficulty in the face of the French Emperor Napoleon caused them to ask for peace. A peace treaty was signed on August 20, 1807, provided that Russia withdrew from Eflak, Boğdan and other places it had captured.The public order in Istanbul could not be provided. When he realized that he could not cope with the rebels, IV. Mustafa asked for help from Alemdar Mustafa Pasha. Upon this, Alemdar Mustafa Pasha, who came with a force of 16 thousand people, killed Kabakçı and his followers. The killing of Kabakçı caused great fuss between the palace man and the janissaries. Alemdar, who later entered Istanbul, began to eliminate bullies and deploy mischief-makers. Meanwhile, the supporters of Alemdar III. They started the drive to get Selim back on the throne. Sensing his intentions, Grand Vizier Çelebi Mustafa Pasha asked him to leave Istanbul. Alemdar Mustafa Pasha then raided Bab-ı Ali with more than fifteen thousand soldiers on July 28. He got his seal from the Grand Vizier. However, III. The rebels and some statesmen, who were afraid that Selim would kill them if he came to the throne again, were given to the Sultan by the Sultan Selim and Şehzade had a decree for the killing of Mahmut. As a matter of fact, Alemdar entering the palace by force, III. He met Selim's corpse killed by dagger blows. Saving his life with the help of his servants II. He declared Mahmut the sultan on July 28, 1808. IV. Mustafa was placed in Topkapı Palace IV. Mustafa was killed on 17 November 1808 to avoid attempting to re-enter the throne. II to the Ottoman throne. Mahmut was passed. IV. Mustafa's funeral was removed by ceremony, and he was buried in the tomb of his father Abdülhamit I. at the Garden Gate. Mustafa was 30 years old when he died.
OTTOMAS EMPIRE SULTANS 4.MUSTAFA
It is the twenty-ninth Ottoman sultan. Born in 1779, he is the son of Mustafa Abdulhamid I. From a young age, he received a classical education in the palace, made inspection trips with his father. On the death of his father, his wooden uncle III. Selim came out, but he loved and looked after Prince Mustafa because he had no children; he had a comfortable period. III. Selim's reforms caused an uprising among the people, and they dismissed the sultan. Thereupon, IV. Mustafa took the throne
The revolt in Istanbul also disrupted the discipline of the army on the Russian front. III in the army. Selim supporters took refuge with Alemdar Mustafa Pasha, the Ruse of Ruse. On these events IV. Mustafa dismissed Grand Vizier Hilmi Pasha and brought Çelebi Mustafa Pasha to his place. Taking advantage of this confusion in the Ottoman army, the Russians captured some castles in Wallachia and Boğdan. However, their difficulty in the face of the French Emperor Napoleon caused them to ask for peace. A peace treaty was signed on August 20, 1807, provided that Russia withdrew from Eflak, Boğdan and other places it had captured.The public order in Istanbul could not be provided. When he realized that he could not cope with the rebels, IV. Mustafa asked for help from Alemdar Mustafa Pasha. Upon this, Alemdar Mustafa Pasha, who came with a force of 16 thousand people, killed Kabakçı and his followers. The killing of Kabakçı caused great fuss between the palace man and the janissaries. Alemdar, who later entered Istanbul, began to eliminate bullies and deploy mischief-makers. Meanwhile, the supporters of Alemdar III. They started the drive to get Selim back on the throne. Sensing his intentions, Grand Vizier Çelebi Mustafa Pasha asked him to leave Istanbul. Alemdar Mustafa Pasha then raided Bab-ı Ali with more than fifteen thousand soldiers on July 28. He got his seal from the Grand Vizier. However, III. The rebels and some statesmen, who were afraid that Selim would kill them if he came to the throne again, were given to the Sultan by the Sultan Selim and Şehzade had a decree for the killing of Mahmut. As a matter of fact, Alemdar entering the palace by force, III. He met Selim's corpse killed by dagger blows. Saving his life with the help of his servants II. He declared Mahmut the sultan on July 28, 1808. IV. Mustafa was placed in Topkapı Palace IV. Mustafa was killed on 17 November 1808 to avoid attempting to re-enter the throne. II to the Ottoman throne. Mahmut was passed. IV. Mustafa's funeral was removed by ceremony, and he was buried in the tomb of his father Abdülhamit I. at the Garden Gate. Mustafa was 30 years old when he died.
30. II. MAHMUD (1808 – 1839)

OTTOMANS EMPIRE SULTANS 2.MAHMUD
Born on July 20, 1785 in Istanbul, II. Mahmud's father was Abdulhamid I and his mother was Nakşıdil Sultan. His father, Abdulhamit I, died on April 7, 1789. Şehzade Mahmut was only 4 years old when he lost his father. After losing his father, his uncle Third Selim was personally interested in his education.
Upon the beginning of the Kabakçı Mustafa Rebellion in 1807, the third Selim left the throne on 29 November 1807. But at the same time, Ruse of the Rousse Alemdar Mustafa Pasha, III. He was supporting Selim. He wanted to come to Istanbul and make him come to the throne again. III. Selim died during these events, and Prince Mahmud was saved from death at the last minute. After that, Prince Mahmud. He sat on the throne on July 28, 1808.He made reforms in many fields including education, military and administrative. Mahmud, in the field of education; he made primary education compulsory and then sent students to Europe for education. "Mekteb-i Maarif-i Adliye" was established to train civil servants. Postal organization was established in the field of communication. The confiscation system was abolished, the first census was carried out in 1831.He died on July 1, 1839. He died due to tuberculosis II. Mahmut, Divanyolu, II. He was buried in the tomb of Mahmut. His son, Abdulmecit I, was replaced by the sultan.
31. ABDÜLMECİD (1839 – 1861)

OTTOMANS EMPIRE SULTANS ABDULMECID
His father II. Mahmud is his mother Bezmiâlem Vâlide Sultan. He was born on April 25, 1823 in Istanbul. He was raised just like a European prince according to the requirements of the time by being paid attention to his education and education. He learned French well enough to speak and understand what he was reading. He closely followed the European publications and discussed various issues with the foreigners he was in contact with. He admired the western music and lifestyle.Upon his father's death on July 1, 1839, he passed the throne when he was seventeen.The events that left their mark on Abdulmecid's period are generally legal and administrative arrangements known as the Tanzimat and Islahat Fermans. Tanzimat Fermans, also known as “Gülhane Hatt-ı Hümayunu” (sultan's writing) or “Tanzimat-ı Hayriye (good arrangements), was read and put into force by Mustafa Reşit Pasha in Gülhane Park on November 3, 1839.Abdülmecid went on trips from time to time to see the difficulties encountered in the implementation of Tanzimat. He built palaces, mansions and social institutions with some of the debts he received from abroad. Dolmabahçe Palace (1853), Beykoz Pavilion (1855), Küçüksu Pavilion (1857), Mecidiye Mosque (1849), Teşvikiye Mosque (1854) Hirka-i Serif Mosque (1851) are the main works of his period. Bezmiâlem Valide Sultan built Gureba Hospital (1845-1846), and the new Galata Bridge was put into service on the same date. Sultan Abdulmecid passed away in Istanbul after he was 38 years old, after a period of reign (July 1, 1839-25 June 1861), with reforms, wars, and internal and external crisis.
His father II. Mahmud is his mother Bezmiâlem Vâlide Sultan. He was born on April 25, 1823 in Istanbul. He was raised just like a European prince according to the requirements of the time by being paid attention to his education and education. He learned French well enough to speak and understand what he was reading. He closely followed the European publications and discussed various issues with the foreigners he was in contact with. He admired the western music and lifestyle.Upon his father's death on July 1, 1839, he passed the throne when he was seventeen.The events that left their mark on Abdulmecid's period are generally legal and administrative arrangements known as the Tanzimat and Islahat Fermans. Tanzimat Fermans, also known as “Gülhane Hatt-ı Hümayunu” (sultan's writing) or “Tanzimat-ı Hayriye (good arrangements), was read and put into force by Mustafa Reşit Pasha in Gülhane Park on November 3, 1839.Abdülmecid went on trips from time to time to see the difficulties encountered in the implementation of Tanzimat. He built palaces, mansions and social institutions with some of the debts he received from abroad. Dolmabahçe Palace (1853), Beykoz Pavilion (1855), Küçüksu Pavilion (1857), Mecidiye Mosque (1849), Teşvikiye Mosque (1854) Hirka-i Serif Mosque (1851) are the main works of his period. Bezmiâlem Valide Sultan built Gureba Hospital (1845-1846), and the new Galata Bridge was put into service on the same date. Sultan Abdulmecid passed away in Istanbul after he was 38 years old, after a period of reign (July 1, 1839-25 June 1861), with reforms, wars, and internal and external crisis.
32. ABDÜLAZİZ (1861 – 1876)
Sultan Abdülaziz 8 Şubat 1830 tarihinde İstanbul’da dünyaya geldi.

Buna karşılık samimi bir meşrutiyet taraftarı olan Midhat Paşa ve benzer görüşlere sahip Mütercim Rüşdü Paşa da her ne kadar siyasi görüşleri ayrılsa da padişahı tahttan indirmek konusunda Hüseyin Avni Paşa ile birleştiler. Darbe 30 Mayıs 1876'da nispeten sessiz-sedasız olarak yapıldı ve V. Murad tahta çıkartıldı.4 Haziran 1876 sabahı Abdülaziz odadan annesini çıkartarak kapısını kitledi. İçeriden bir süre Kur'an okuma sesleri geldi. Kendisinden cevap alınamayınca merakla kapı kırılarak içeri girildi ve eski padişah minder üzerinde yarı oturmuş vaziyette, iki kolunun damarları kesik olarak kanlar içerisinde bulundu.
OTTOMANS EMPIRE SULTANS ABDULAZIZ
Sultan Abdülaziz was born on February 8, 1830 in Istanbul.
On 25 June 1861, he sat in the sultan's chair, which he took over from Sultan Abdülmecid. When Abdülaziz came to the throne, the finances of the state that borrowed for a while were falling into a difficult position.The economy, which would come to the point of borrowing to close the debts a few years later, would become more dependent on the world day by day and production was not enough. At the same time, the politician was an ancestor of pashas and statesmen. Until the death of Mehmed Emin Âli Pasha, who was considered the last great representative of this staff, in 1871, Sultan Abdülaziz had not played an active role in both domestic and foreign policy, and united the administration over these statesmen.The moratorium, declared in late 1875, was Mahmud Nedim Pasha Grand Vizier during his request to postpone the state, saying that it could not pay its external debts.
This state of economic breakdown and loneliness in foreign policy also stimulated domestic politics. Thus, the staff, who have been uncomfortable with the sultan's administration for a while, started the coup plans.Hüseyin Avni Pasha, the Chief of General Staff of the period, had a grudge against the sultan for some personal reasons. Statesmen were sometimes imitated to make laugh at the theaters exhibited in the palace at that time. The demonstration of the imitations of Hüseyin Avni Pasha and the fact that the sultan had fun more than these caused a personal hatred. At the same time, he considered some of his appointments in distant places as exiles.On the other hand, Midhat Pasha, who is a sincere supporter of legitimacy, and Mütercim Rüşdü Pasha, who have similar views, merged with Hüseyin Avni Pasha to take the sultan off the throne, although his political views differed. The coup was carried out relatively quietly on May 30, 1876, and V. Murad was thrown into the throne.On the morning of June 4, 1876, Abdülaziz removed his mother from the room and locked his door. The sounds of reading the Koran came from inside for a while. When no response was received from him, the door was broken, and the old sultan was half-seated on the cushion, and the veins of his two arms were cut in blood.
33. V. MURAD (30 Mayıs 1876 – 31 Ağustos 1876)

3 aylık padişahlığından sonra Çırağan Sarayında ikamete mecbur edilen V. Murad, Ağustos 1904’de şeker hastalığından vefat etmiştir.
OTTOMANS EMPIRE SULTANS 5.MURAD
V. Murad was born in September 1840 from Şevket-efzâ Vâlide Sultân, the First Master of Female Abdülmecid, at the Çırağan Palace and was on the Ottoman throne that would last for 3 months on 30 May 1876. V. Murad, who was involved in the removal of Sultân Abdülaziz from the throne and even if he did not know it, was raised by Turkish finishing methods and learned Arabic and French in his youth.33. Murad (1840-1905), the Ottoman sultan, the nephew of the previous sultan Abdülaziz and the next sultan II. He is the elder brother of Abdulhamid. Abdülaziz was replaced by his throne as a result of a palace coup, and he was deposed from the sultan's office on August 31, 1876, on the grounds that his mental balance was disturbed after he remained on the throne for 93 days. He was the sultan who remained in the administration for a minimum period of time throughout the Ottoman history. Although many political groups were tried to be brought back into power after being thrown from the throne, none of these attempts were successful.
V. Murad, who was obliged to stay in Çırağan Palace after his 3-month sultanate, passed away from diabetes in August 1904.
34. II. ABDÜLHAMİD (1876 – 1909)

Abdülaziz’i ve V. Murat’ı tahttan indiren Mithat Paşa ile anlaşan II. Abdülhamid, 1876 yılında tahta çıktı. Saltanatı Osmanlı Devleti’nin en buhranlı dönemlerine denk geldi; bu dönemde isyanların patlak vermesinin yanı sıra Avrupa kamuoyu da Osmanlılar’ın aleyhine dönmüş durumdaydı.
1909 yılında Otuz Bir Mart Vak’ası olarak tarihe geçen isyanda, Ermeniler Adana’da ayaklanarak birçok Türk’ü katlettiği gibi İstanbul’daki olaylarda çok kanlı bir şekilde devam etti. Ancak Hareket Ordusu’nun girişimi ile isyanlar bastırıldı. Suçlular idam edildi ve meşrutiyetin korunduğu ilan edildi.
Ancak bu olanları II. Abdülhamid’in üzerine yıkmak onu tahttan indirmek isteyen Meclis-i Milli azaları yalan yanlış bir fetva hazırlayarak şeyhülislaman efendiye imzalatmaya çalıştılar, zorla aldıkları imza ile hal edilmesini meclise taşıdılar ve hemen o sırada mebusların bir kısmı derhal hal edilmesi lazım diye bağırmaya başladılar. Oylamaya sunuldu, ancak buna karşı olan mebusların da zorla oyu alındı ve böylece Abdülhamid’in hal’ine karar verilmiş oldu.Mahmut Şevket Paşa, tahttan indirdiği Abdülhamid’i Selanik’e gönderdi; oysaki sultan Çırağan Sarayı’nda kalmak istiyordu. Eşyalarını dahi almasına izin vermeden 38 kişilik ailesiyle birlikte yollandı. Selanik’te Alatini Köşkü’ne yerleştirilen Abdülhamid vaktini marangozluk ve demircilik ile geçirdi. Ancak onu öldürmek isteyen düşmanların Selanik’e yaklaştığını öğrendiklerinde II. Abdülhamid’i derhal İstanbul’a getirterek Beylerbeyi Sarayı’na yerleştirdiler. Hayatının son yıllarını burada yaşadı, I. Dünya Savaşı’nın o en buhranlı dönemlerinde ondan akıl almak isteyen paşalara; artık hiçbir akıl ve tavsiye veremeyeceğini devletin Almanya ve Avusturya yanında savaşa girmiş olmasının büyük bir sorumsuzluk olduğunu söyledi. Bu dönemde onun kıymeti daha iyi anlaşılsa da artık çok geçti. 1918 yılında vefat eden Abdülhamid’in naaşı II. Mahmut türbesine defnedildi.
OTTOMANS EMPIRE SULTANS 2. ABDULHAMID
Sultan Abdülhamid, the thirty-fourth Ottoman sultan, ruled 33 years between 1876-1909.
Agreement with Mithat Pasha, who abducted Abdülaziz and V. Murat, from the throne, II. Abdulhamid came to the throne in 1876. His reign coincided with the most depressed periods of the Ottoman State; In this period, besides the riots broke out, the European public opinion was also against the Ottomans.
In the rebellion that went down in 1909 as the Thirty-One March Case, the Armenians rose up in Adana and continued in a bloody way in the events in Istanbul, as well as killing many Turks. However, with the initiative of the Movement Army, riots were suppressed. Criminals were executed and declared legitimacy was preserved. However, these ones II. The Parliamentary members who wanted to demolish him on the throne, tried to get him to sign the sheikhülislaman master by preparing a false fatwa, and he began to scream that it was necessary to be ready immediately. It was submitted to the voting, but the votes of the MPs who opposed it were taken, so that the situation of Abdulhamid was decided.Mahmut Şevket Pasha sent Abdulhamid, who had been deposed, from Thessaloniki; whereas the sultan wanted to stay in Çırağan Palace. He was sent with his family of 38 people, without even letting them take their belongings. Abdulhamid, who was placed in Alatini Mansion in Thessaloniki, spent his time with carpentry and blacksmithing. However, when they learned that the enemies who wanted to kill him were approaching Thessaloniki, II. They immediately brought Abdulhamid to Istanbul and placed them in Beylerbeyi Palace. He lived the last years of his life here, for those pashas who wanted to get their minds from those most depressed periods of the First World War; He said that he could no longer give any reason and advice and that the state had entered the war alongside Germany and Austria was a great irresponsibility. Although his value was understood better in this period, it was too late. The body of Abdulhamid who died in 1918, II. He was buried in the tomb of Mahmut.
35. MEHMET REŞAT (1909-1919)

OTTOMANS EMPIRE SULTANS MEHMED REŞAD
Born in Istanbul in 1844, Şehzade Mehmet's father is Sultan Abdülmecid. From a young age, he received a good education according to traditions and lived a comfortable life during his sultanate times with his father and uncle. In 1876, when his brother Abdülhamid came to the throne, he became a heir and thus lived a life under surveillance during his brother's sultanate.
In 1909, the Parliament, the National Assembly, decided to take down the Prince Reşat, who was the heir by abolishing Abdulhamid from the throne, and the new Sultan was given the title of the Fifth Mehmet as the second conquest of the city. Thus, Sultan Reşat was mostly referred to as Sultan Beşinci Mehmet.The Ottoman Empire fought on many fronts in the First World War. Realizing one of the greatest resistance in history during the Çanakkale War, the Turkish nation did not allow the enemy fleet to pass through the straits despite all the negative conditions. Although Ottoman troops fought heroically on all fronts, their local success did not affect the outcome. Mehmet Reşad, who did not do anything other than pray for the success of the nation, died in 1918 due to heart failure in these disastrous conditions of the Ottoman Empire.
36.MEHMED VAHDETTİN (1918-1922)

OTTOMANS EMPIRE SULTANS MEHMED VAHDEDDİN
Sultan Mehmet VI. Vahdettin was born on February 2, 1861 in Istanbul. He is the youngest son of Sultan Vahdettin I. Abdülmecit from Gülüstu Hanım. Upon the suicide of the son of his uncle, Crown Prince Yusuf Izzettin Efendi, he became the only crown prince. Upon the death of Mehmet V. Reşat, he took the Ottoman throne on July 4, 2018.On October 30, 1918, an armed clash ended with the Armistice of Mondros, signed between the Ottoman delegation headed by Navy Minister Hüseyin Rauf Orbay at the Port of Mondros of Limnos and the British Admiral Calthorp. This treaty, which ended the First World War, was under severe conditions. The Mondros Armistice actually predicts the collapse of the Ottoman State; It gave the Allied Powers the right to occupy any part of the Ottoman State due to a situation that would threaten their security.With the Mondros Armistice Treaty, the Allied Powers embarked on the division of the Turkish lands, without waiting for the signing of the peace treaty. Under Article 7 of the Cease-fire Treaty, it allowed the Allied Powers to occupy an entire country.
According to the Treaty of Sevres, the Ottoman State was falling apart, and the Turkish Nation was deprived of the right to legislature.After all this, Sultan Mehmed Vahdeddin decided to convene the Ottoman Parliament. The assembly gathered adopted Misak-ı Millî by taking a decision other than the views of the hostile states. The British then officially occupied Istanbul and disbanded the Ottoman Parliament.Mustafa Kemal Pasha and his friends, who started the National Struggle movement on May 19, 1919, went to Samsun and organized the resistance movement in Anatolia. Congresses, Kuva-y Milliye resistances were held. Finally, it was decided to open the TBMM in Ankara on April 23, 1920.
Sultan Mehmed Vahdeddin, who saw his life in danger, stated that he wanted to take refuge in the British state by appealing to the commander of the occupation forces in Istanbul. On the morning of November 17, 1922, he left Istanbul with a British battleship named Malaya.After leaving the palace, Vahdeddin first went to Malta and then to Hejaz.After staying in Mecca for a while, he went to San Remo, Italy and stayed there until his death.
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